110,643 research outputs found
[Review of] Evelyn Nakano Glenn. Unequal Freedom: How Race and Gender Shaped American Citizenship and Labor
Evelyn Glenn is among the pioneers who laid the groundwork for an intersective approach of race, class, and gender to the analysis of social inequality. This new book carries on and extends her well-established intellectual project along this line of inquiry in both depth and breadth. In Unequal Freedom, Glenn offers an exemplary historical and comparative analysis of how race and gender as fundamental organizing principles of social institutions shaped American citizenship and labor system from the end of Reconstruction to the eve of World War II. She begins with a brief introduction to the book project in the introductory chapter. In the next three chapters, she lays out a conceptual framework for her analysis, devoting one chapter to each of the three twisted threads: race and gender, citizenship, and labor. Glenn also provides historical backdrops at the national level for her analyses of citizenship and labor. The following three chapters shift to regional-level analysis with three case studies: Blacks and whites in the South, Mexicans and Anglos in the Southwest, and Japanese and haoles in Hawaii. The final chapter epitomizes the common themes across chapters and compares the three regional cases in citizenship and labor systems
[Review of] George Anthony Peffer. If They Don\u27t Bring Their Women Here: Chinese Female Immigration Before Exclusion
If They Don\u27t Bnng [Bring] Their Women Here by George Peffer is another significant addition to the skimpy repertory of books on the history of Chinese American women, which includes Judy Yung\u27s Chinese Women of America (1986) and Unbounded Feet (1995), Benson Tong\u27s Unsubmissive Women (1994), and Huping Ling\u27s Surviving on the Gold Mountain (1999). Unlike the other volumes, Peffer\u27s book focuses on the debarment of Chinese women from immigration to the United States before the 1882 general exclusion of Chinese laborers. He argues that the cultural constraints imposed by the traditional Chinese joint family structure and the male sojourner mentality did not suffice to induce the protracted shortage of Chinese female immigrants and that the Page Law of 1875 and its enforcement played a more pivotal role in restricting the immigration of Chinese women. Using data from U.S. government documents, court records, and newspapers, he documents with some measure of success that although the Page Law literally forbade only the entry of prostitutes (including Chinese ones), the broader applicationof this law resulted in a de facto exclusion of Chinese female immigrants during the seven years prior to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Peffer also demonstrates how California\u27s anti-Chinese press shaped and intensified the expanded application of the Page Law, how the anti-Chinese sentiment led to the possible overcounting of Chinese prostitutes in San Francisco in the 1870 and 1880 censuses, and how the de facto Chinese female exclusion engendered the lopsided development of the Chinese community. By piecing the scattered information together, this book enhances our understanding of the causes of the Chinese bachelor\u27s society\u27 as well as the experiences of Chinese female immigrants before the Chinese exclusion
Detection of Striped Superconductors Using Magnetic Field Modulated Josephson Effect
In a very interesting recent Letter\cite{berg}, the authors suggested that a
novel form of superconducting state is realized in LaBaCuO with
close to 1/8. This suggestion was based on experiments\cite{li} on this
compound which found predominantly two-dimensional (2D) characters of the
superconducting state, with extremely weak interplane coupling. Later this
specific form of superconducting state was termed striped
superconductors\cite{berg08}. The purpose of this note is to point out that the
suggested form\cite{berg} of the superconducting order parameter can be
detected directly using magnetic field modulated Josephson effect.Comment: Expanded version as appeared in prin
Trends in Black-White Church Integration
Get PDFHistorically, the separation of blacks and whites in churches was well known (Gilbreath 1995; Schaefer 2005). Even in 1968, about four years after the passage of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. still said that eleven o\u27clock on Sunday is the most segregated hour of the week (Gilbreath 1995:1). His reference was to the entrenched practice of black and white Americans who worshiped separately in segregated congregations even though as Christians, their faith was supposed to bring them together to love each other as brothers and sisters. King\u27s statement was not just a casual observation. One of the few places that civil rights workers failed to integrate was churches. Black ministers and their allies were at the forefront of the church integration movement, but their stiffest opposition often came from white ministers. The irony is that belonging to the same denomination could not prevent the racial separation of their congregations. In 1964, when a group of black women civil rights activists went to a white church in St. Augustine, Florida to attend a Sunday service, the women were met by a phalanx of white people with their arms linked to keep the activists out (Bryce 2004). King\u27s classic Letter from a Birmingham Jail was a response to white ministers who criticized him and the civil rights movement after a major civil rights demonstration (King [2002])
Social Distances of Whites to Racial or Ethnic Minorities
Get PDFPrior research on social distance between racial or ethnic groups in the United States has focused mainly on attitudes of white Americans toward African Americans. Extending previous research, this study analyzes social distances of whites to racial or ethnic minority groups by investigating how whites feel about blacks, Asians, and Hispanics. The main hypothesis is that whites feel coolest toward blacks, warmest toward Asians, and somewhat in between toward Hispanics. The 2002 General Social Survey and ordinary least squares regression are used to test the hypothesis. The results indicate that contrary to our hypothesis, whites feel coolest toward Asians, warmest toward Hispanics, and somewhat in between toward blacks. Nativity, religious similarity/ dissimilarity, racial hierarchy and tension, proximity of the country of origin, and group diversity may offer plausible explanations for the unexpected result. This study also examines which types of whites are more likely to maintain a greater or smaller social distance with the three minority groups. Implications of the findings for race and ethnic relations today are addressed
Design, implementation, and testing of advanced virtual coordinate-measuring machines
Get PDFCopyright @ 2011 IEEE. This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Advanced virtual coordinate-measuring machines (CMMs) (AVCMMs) have recently been developed at Brunel University, which provide vivid graphical representation and powerful simulation of CMM operations, together with Monte-Carlo-based uncertainty evaluation. In an integrated virtual environment, the user can plan an inspection strategy for a given task, carry out virtual measurements, and evaluate the uncertainty associated with the measurement results, all without the need of using a physical machine. The obtained estimate of uncertainty can serve as a rapid feedback for the user to optimize the inspection plan in the AVCMM before actual measurements or as an evaluation of the measurement results performed. This paper details the methodology, design, and implementation of the AVCMM system, including CMM modeling, probe contact and collision detection, error modeling and simulation, and uncertainty evaluation. This paper further reports experimental results for the testing of the AVCMM
Spin filtering implemented through Rashba and weak magnetic modulations
We present two theoretical schemes for spin filters in one-dimensional
semiconductor quantum wires with spatially modulated Rashba spin-orbit coupling
(SOC) as well as weak magnetic potential. For case I, the SOC is periodic and
the weak magnetic potential is applied uniformly along the wire. Full spin
polarizations with opposite signs are obtained within two separated energy
intervals. For case II, the weak magnetic potential is periodic while the SOC
is uniform. An ideal negative/positive switching effect for spin polarization
is realized by tuning the strength of SOC. The roles of SOC, magnetic
potential, and their coupling on the spin filtering are analyzed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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