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Women’s football subculture of misogyny: The escalation to online gender-based violence
No full textTo access the conference abstract please click on the URL in the Additional Links sectionGiven the global expansion of women's football and its significant social media presence, it is vital to investigate fan culture and perspectives. This article examines how fans react to the rising visibility of female athletes on TikTok.
Our goal is to assist other scholars interested in examining complex platforms and how gender-based violence literature enables us to explore broader social concerns such as privacy and security. The present study answers a call by Dá-Lameiras and Rodrguez-Castro (2021) for empirical research into newer digital video social media channels and women’s football. We, therefore, post the following research questions:
RQ 1 How do fans react to women’s football on TikTok in the framing of gender-based violence?
RQ2 How can brands respond to gender-based violence on TikTok?
We investigated these topics through a netnography (Kozinets 2020) in which researchers used immersive data operation to study women's football on TikTok. We studied (2) English Premier League football (EPL) clubs’ use of social media in the United Kingdom and situated it within the context of gender sports studies politics. More specifically, text and video were analysed, but primarily fan text comments/responses to videos were examined as this was the primary fan response mode. We kept a netnography team digital immersion journal over seven months containing screenshots, field notes in text and video. The study examined public posts on TikTok and gained University ethical approval (see also Fig 1). We used an inductive approach to examine all posts. Our findings provide fresh insights by identifying themes from social media responses to women's football and providing brand recommendations pertaining to gender- based violence.
The study set out to investigate how the EPL represents and promotes female football players on social media and how professional women football players are perceived as “sporting topics” (Jones, 2008). We were particularly interested in how fans (re)construct women footballers’ identities and the fan-based mentality at play here, revealing what we perceive as vulnerabilities when these athletes are made available via social media. The study raises questions of how these clubs navigate the complexities and contradictions inherent in sports regarding how women are empowered individually while also being used as targets for harassment. It contributes to and expands on current studies on how football teams and their fans utilise social media to represent, promote, and advertise themselves and their sport, particularly emphasising the identities of female players featured in their content. We identify the escalation of gender- based violence on social media against women players. Academics interested in analysing complex platforms such as TikTok and the ways in which gender-based violence literature enables us to analyse broader social issues such as privacy and security will find our research useful.Unfunde
On the strength of a weak variant of the axiom of counting
No full textThis article is not available on ChesterRepIn this paper NFU-AC is used to denote Jensen's modification of Quine's ‘new foundations’ set theory (NF) fortified with a type-level pairing function but without the axiom of choice. The axiom AxCount>_ is the variant of the axiom of counting which asserts that no finite set is smaller than its own set of singletons. This paper shows that NFU-AC + AxCount>_ proves the consistency of the simple theory of types with infinity (TSTI). This result implies that NF + AxCount>_ proves that consistency of TSTI, and that NFU-AC + AxCount>_ proves the consistency of NFU-AC.Unfunde
Does machine learning risk reinforcing societal prejudice in education?
No full textMachine learning is increasingly being applied in sectors ranging from healthcare to finance; however, in education, it is typically only used for predicting students’ grades. On the other hand, deeply rooted societal prejudice is more challenging to measure, so could machine learning contribute to the current discourse? As a result of a gap in existing literature in the use of machine learning in education, this study uses this novel approach to investigate the potential links between the levels of prejudice of college students and their parents’ levels of education. An Implicit Association Task (IAT) was used to collect the information from the participants. Before applying three different machine learning models: Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN). It was found that KNN marginally outperformed not only the DT model but also SVM, with the results being validated by using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). This demonstrated a clear correlation between the parents’ education and their children’s prejudice levels. The paper adds to the limited research that is available on the use of machine learning in education and proposes that a larger study be conducted to provide a more nuanced understanding of prejudice in education.N/
Violence against Muslims: Conquered, not fully colonized, in the Making of the Muslim “Other” in the Central African Republic
Get PDF© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of African Studies AssociationMuslims in the Central African Republic have experienced extreme violence for more than a decade. Through ethnographic fieldwork and archival research, this article shows how the foundations for contemporary violence were created through colonial and postcolonial state-making. The civilizing mission of republican colonialism set Muslims apart. Lifestyle and mobility were never fully colonized; escape depicted difference. Nationalist liberation mythologies render Muslim citizenship as foreign, precarious, and subject to ongoing contestation. Pentecostalism, a lateral liberation philosophy presented as patriotism, provides power to anti-Muslim discourse. Violence against Muslims is situated in an accumulated “pastness” of state-making and struggle in Central African historiography.Unfunde
Dysfunctional tetraspanin 7 (TSP-7) in Caenorhabditis elegans promotes; increases in average life- & health-span, stress-induced survival and motility
Get PDF© 2025 The Author(s). FEBS Open Bio published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) tetraspanin-7 (TSP-7) protein is an orthologue of the Human tetraspanin CD63, which has recently been shown to be a negative regulator of autophagy. In this study a mutant strain of wild-type (WT) C. elegans (tm5761) with a 352 bp deletion in the tsp-7 gene, was studied. A polyclonal antibody was raised to a peptide sequence present only in the wild-type strain (N2). This antibody cross-reacted with the protein of the correct molecular weight (MW) in the WT lysate, but not in the tm5761, confirming the absence of a functional TSP-7 in this strain. From life-span studies, the tm5761 strain had a higher average survival age of 23.3 ± 0.6, compared to 20.1 ± 0.8 days for WT, although the absolute life-span was not statistically different. This indicates that the mutant tm5761 strain has an increased physiological health-span. Survival studies undertaken at 37 °C, showed a decrease in survival levels, with complete death of the WT occurring after 3 h of exposure, whereas the tm5761 strain was more robust (i.e. 25% survival after 3 h). Sub-lethal osmotic stress caused by increased sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations was investigated by observing stress-related motility, such as frequency of coiling and reversing. These results showed that the tm5761 strain was more motile at higher concentrations of NaCl than the WT. These findings suggest that, like CD63, TSP-7 could be acting as a negative regulator of autophagy; therefore, the tm5761 strain likely has increased basal autophagy. This would explain its; increased, mean life- and health-span, motility under stress, and improved thermotolerance.Funding was provided by University of Chester, UK
Suicide in prison: The potentials and pitfalls of film-research collaborations
No full textThis document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a published work that appeared in final form in [Incarceration]. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/[doi journal link].Prisoner suicide rates are consistently higher than rates among communities outside prisons. Between 2012 and 2016, England and Wales’s prison suicide rates more than doubled, hitting record numbers in 2016. Often those most invested in prison safety are those personally impacted, and campaigns by prisoners’ families can have material effects on imprisonment. This article critically reflects on a collaboration between an academic research team (who authored this article), a bereaved mother and a theatre company, which aimed to raise awareness of prison suicide through verbatim film. Drawing upon interviews with the filmmakers and audience surveys, we examine the potentials and challenges of such collaborations. We conclude that film can engage audiences within and beyond social science, making complex subjects accessible, humanising marginalised people and potentially inspiring social change, but a sustained ethic of care is required to mitigate harms and manage expectations, which may involve difficult decisions for researchers.UKRI MR/T019085/
The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs
No full textCrowdfunding is the approach fundraisers take to raise funding for a project, venture, or personal
needs, from a crowd of people, or known as investors, backers, or supporters based on characteristics of different crowdfunding models, essentially through the Internet. Crowdfunding is considered as an alternative finance option
for different purposes of businesses (e.g., new venture creation, business growth, and exit), individuals (e.g., life events and challenging circumstances), local communities (e.g., saving a local pub), and public sector. This entry will have a
brief look at the history and trend of the different crowdfunding models, as well as their relationship
with entrepreneurs and the public sector.unfunde
The long-term impact of climate change on growth: Evidence from Chinese provinces
Get PDFWe used more than sixty years of macroeconomic data at the province level in China in conjunction with the split/half-panel jackknife FE econometric approach to examine the impacts of climate change on China's economic growth from 1953 to 2015. Although the temperature rises less significantly than the global average and the US, we find that the temperature of 0.01° C above and below its historical norms reduces the growth of the GRP per capita by 0.2665 and 0.417 percentage points on average per year, which is much higher than the global average and the US. Surprisingly, the service sector is the most sensitive to temperature deviations compared to the agriculture and manufacturing industries. The adverse effects of temperature below the historical norms in China were adapted by reducing salary growth, increasing the number of employees and government expenditures, and improving trade openness to become less effective in more recent years. However, there is no significant evidence of adaptation application effectiveness across the provinces to the increasing temperature above its historical norms. Using four climate change estimation projects and predictions on temperatures rising, the accumulated temperature deviations above the historical average could cause 10.87 to 18.24 (28.99 to 54.74) annual GDP per capita growth percentage points under the Representative Concentration Pathways 1.9 (8.5). In other words, assuming the provincial yearly GDP per capita growth equals five percentage points on average, the total economic losses without applying any carbon neutrality policies will cause 6.82% to 12.88% of the economic losses by 2100, which is approximately 2.67-2.82 times higher than applying policies.Unfunde
Does measuring social attention lead to changes in behavior? A preliminary investigation into the implications of attention bias trials on behavior in Rhesus Macaques
Get PDF© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.A welfare assessment tool in development must satisfy several criteria before it is considered ready for general use. Some tools that meet many of these criteria have been criticized for their negative effect on welfare. We conducted a preliminary assessment of the impact of attention bias (AB) trials using threat-neutral conspecific face pairs followed by presumed neutral-positive filler stimuli on the behavior of 21 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta; 15 female). Behavioral observations were conducted following AB trials and repeated two weeks later when no AB trials had occurred (no trial: NT). The association between observation period and behavior was assessed using linear mixed-effects models in R. Trials did not impact any observed behavior except for fear, which was displayed by five monkeys over six trials (four NT). For this sample, there was a significant reduction in fear behavior following AB trials. We, therefore, found no evidence suggesting that AB trials negatively affect behaviour. AB protocols may be suitable for continued development for primate welfare assessment and we encourage researchers to include assessing test impact on welfare in their AB protocols.ERI Howarth was supported by an LJMU PhD studentship. CL Witham and the Centre for Macaques are funded by the Medical Research Council
Designing a Community Ecosystem to Address Food Insecurity and Well-Being Among Elderly South Asian Adults: A Service Evaluation Framework Approach
No full textLevels of poverty and deprivation and the demand for food aid has increased significantly as a result of the joint effects of ongoing austerity measures (O’Loughlin et al., 2024), welfare reforms (DWP, 2015), pension credit cuts (Slocombe, 2023), the COVID-19 pandemic (Oncini, 2021; Summers et al., 2021) and the ongoing cost-of-living crisis (Moraes et al., 2024; Bull et al.,2023). Moreover, a significant correlation exists between these economic/social drivers and health inequalities (Garthwaite et al., 2015), with many predicting a public health emergency (Wolfson and Leung, 2020). Despite recording significantly higher levels of poverty, poor health and housing in comparison to white ethnic groups, older individuals from ethnic minorities are under-represented as recipients of food aid. Thus, there are many knowledge gaps in our understanding of food services provided to older people within older ethnic minority communities (Power et al., 2017). In response to this empirical gap, this research draws on service ecosystem evaluation frameworks (see Baron et al., 2018) to empirically advance our understanding of community food service provisioning within South Asian communities as well as identify appropriate food support ecosystem approaches which can be used to address food insecurity in ethnic minority communities. Through the use of in-depth interviews carried out by researchers belonging to Bangladeshi and Pakistani communities, our findings reveal that systems adressing food insecurity and well-being issues within older ethnic minorities are inadequate, especially considering specific cultural, social and economic shortfalls in the provision of appropriate services. Consequently, we conclude by providing recommendations to food service providers within ethnic minority communities.N/
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